A Burgundian Reliquary Pendant

Jewelry in the Middle Ages was dominated by religious themes, although secular luxury was beginning to gain widespread reception. This Burgundian pendant, which was inherited by Emperor Charles V in the mid-16th century and later owned by an English aristocratic family, perfectly exemplifies the intermingling of religion and secular opulence in the late Middle Ages. 

 

The pendant, on loan to  Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim from the state of Baden-Württemberg, is designed in the form of a winged altarpiece. The door wings are glazed with convex, gold-rimmed rock crystal panes, which optically enlarge the image in the shrine. The wings are also equipped with a locking device, and when the doors are opened, the Virgin Mary can be seen holding Baby Jesus in her left arm. Two angels hover on clouds overhead while holding a crown over the Virgin Mary’s head.

This Burgundian pendant perfectly exemplifies the intermingling of religion and secular opulence in the late Middle Ages. 

Gold Reliquary Pendant in Rock Crystal and Enamel
Burgundy, about 1400
On permanent loan from the Ministry of Science, Research and the
Arts of Baden-Württemberg
Photography by Günter Meyer

The altarpiece is completely engraved in gold and lacquered with opaque and translucent enamel colors. The Virgin Mary dons a white robe with vermilion lining and a contrasting blue neckline, while the Christ Child wears a robe painted in deep red. The angels are dressed in puristic white and blue with their crimson wings fluttering in the background. The predella is replaced with a narrow compartment void of any other relics, although the back of the reliquary pendant is decorated with punched flower and leaf tendrils.

 

A pendant from the treasury of the Munich Residenz is directly related both in terms of its design and history. In his shrine, Christ is depicted as the Man of Sorrows, above whom two angels hold the crown of thorns. The structure of the case and the figurative composition are almost identical to the reliquary pendant, particularly in terms of dimensions, and both were likely in the possession of the Burgundian dukes at a certain point in time. The artworks are among the rare valuables that have survived from the once immeasurable supply of sacred jewelry art from circa 1400.

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